Thursday, October 31, 2013
Friday, October 19, 2012
credit card number
Learning Where The Numbers Come From
Credit card numbers are not random. There's a special set of numbers to show information about the card issuer and another set to show information about the card holder. One other number is also important, but we'll come to that later.
The very first number is the Major Industry Identifier (MII) and it tells you what sort of institution issued the card.
- 1 and 2 are issued by airlines.
- 3 is issued by travel and entertainment.
- 4 and 5 are issued by banking and financial institutions.
- 6 is issued by merchandising and banking.
- 7 is issued by petroleum companies.
- 8 is issued by telecommunications companies.
- 9 is issued by national assignment.
The first six digits are the Issuer Identification Number (IIN). These can be used to look up where the card originated from. If you have access to a list that details who owns each IIN, such as this list of popular IINs on Wikipedia, you can see who issued the card just by reading the card number.
Here's a few you might recognise:
- Visa: 4*****
- American Express (AMEX): 34**** or 37****
- Diner's Club International: 36****
- Mastercard: 51**** to 55****
The seventh digit to the second-to-last digit is the customer account number. Most companies use just 9 digits for the account numbers, but it's possible to use up to 12. This means that using the current algorithm for credit cards, the world can issue about a trillion cards before needing to change the system.
We often see 16-digit credit card numbers today, but it's possible for a card issuer to issue a card with up to 19 digits using the current system. In the future, we may see longer numbers becoming more common.
The very last digit of each credit card is the check digit, or checksum. It is used to validate the credit card number using the Luhn algorithm, which we will now explain in detail.
The Luhn Algorithm Validation Check
The Luhn Algorithm is used to validate all sorts of numbers, including credit cards, IMEI numbers and some social security numbers. It's not designed to be a cryptographically secure hash function, but merely a way to check errors are not made when recording numbers. It is not foolproof, but is generally considered to be useful.
Take the credit card number and read the digits from the right. Double every other number and write them down – if you do it in the same order as your card is written it will help with clarity. Now, wherever you have calculated a double-digit number, change it so that it reads as "first digit + second digit" (in other words, sum the digits of the products). Finally, take your calculations and add those numbers to the numbers remaining on your card that you didn't double. A legitimate credit card number will give you a result that is divisible by 10.
For instance, let's use a number I've just made up: 4634 8932 1298 2767. I'll enter it into a table to make it easier to understand the steps.
Try it yourself using the card from the picture earlier in this article. What can you learn from it?
Friday, October 05, 2012
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Wednesday, May 30, 2012
Confirm Your New Otixo Account
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Wednesday, April 18, 2012
Fw: handy tips
From: Ranjit Santakumar
Date: Wed, Apr 18, 2012 at 10:22 AM
Subject: Fw: handy tips
To:
Wednesday, April 04, 2012
Wednesday, November 23, 2011
Thursday, September 08, 2011
Friday, July 01, 2011
two GOOD WEBSITES
Instapaper
Awesome tool that allows you to save interesting pages or articles you come across online for later reading. You may then read those articles at home, or during commute on your mobile.[View]
+++
JustPaste.It
Simple online clipboard. Copy and paste any piece of text and instantly get a private web link to share that text with friends. Supports text styling and images.
+++
Friday, May 27, 2011
another version of naranathu braanthan in greek. നാറാണത്ത് ഭ്രാന്തന് ഗ്രീക്കിലേത്...
From: Atulya Sharma
Date: 2011/5/27
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisyphus
--
Tuesday, March 08, 2011
Monday, February 14, 2011
Fw: If u cant afford a doctor...my advise..
From: Ranjit Santakumar
|
Saturday, January 29, 2011
110129
1 John 1:9-10
9. If we confess our sins, he (God) is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.
10. If we say that we have not sinned, we make him (God) a liar, and his (God*s) word is not in us.
Read the Holy Bible, praying to The Holy Spirit ((refer to John 14:26 in the Holy Bible)).***The Holy Bible is the ocean of unlimited spiritual treasures; gifts; blessings; rights and privileges & unlimited spiritual inheritance of grace, righteousness, merits and rewards FOR FREE TO EVERYONE ***&&& EVERYONE! EARN AS MUCH AS, WISHES TO EARN.
++++
One of the most precious songs:
*Hallelujah Hallelujah; Hallelujah Hosanna*.
*Hallelujah Hallelujah; Hallelujah Hosanna*.
*Hallelujah Hallelujah; Hallelujah Hosanna*.
Sing as many times as you can.
++++
Dear priests, Bishops, and all concerned church leaders:
You all have to obey God the Son, Jesus at least as I obeyed. Read the following IN YOUR HOLY BIBLE:
++++
JESUS commanded:
Mathew 23:9. Call no one on earth your father; you have but one Father in heaven.
NB: I OBEYED. I DID NOT ALLOW ANYONE TO CALL ME FATHER OR HOLY FATHER. BUT MANY OF YOU DO ALLOW & ASK TO CALL YOU FATHER OR HOLY FATHER DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY. THIS WAY YOU TEACH NUMEROUS OTHERS TO DISOBEY JESUS' COMMANDMENT IN MATHEW 23:9. IT IS VERY SIGNIFICANT THAT JESUS NEVER ALLOWED ANYONE TO CALL HIM "FATHER OR HOLY FATHER", ALTHOUGH JESUS HIMSELF IS OUR GOD; OUR LORD AND SAVIOR. JESUS WANTED EVERYONE CALL NO ONE ON EARTH HIS OR HER FATHER BECAUSE EVERYONE HAS ONLY ONE FATHER WHO IS IN HEAVEN according to JESUS COMMANDMENT IN Mathew 23:9.
++++
Mathew 28:20 (Word of God). Teach them to observe all that I (Jesus) have commanded you (Jesus* disciples).----------
NB: YOU ARE NOT TEACHING MANY OF THE MOST IMPORTANT COMMANDMENTS. INSTEAD YOU TEACH OPPOSITE TO MANY COMMANDMENTS.
++++
Did you read what I said in:
Acts 5:29. But Peter and the apostles said in reply, "We must obey God rather than men.
++++
Acts 2:46. Every day they devoted themselves to meeting together in the temple and to breaking bread every day in their homes. They ate their meals with exultation and sincerity of heart.
NB: BUT YOU KEEP BANNING AND PREVENTING THE BREAKING OF BREAD IN CHRISTIANS* HOMES AS EXPLAINED IN ACTS 2:46 UNDER MY COMMAND ACCORDING TO JESUS. YOU ALL START IT VERY SOON. YOU ARE GETTING TO THE END OF TIME. AGAIN READ THE REWARDS OR PUNISHMENTS IN: MATHEW 5:19 & MATHEW 16:27 & 2COR. 5:10
++++
1 John 1:9-10
9. If we confess our sins, he (God) is faithful and just to forgive us our sins, and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.
10. If we say that we have not sinned, we make him (God) a liar, and his (God*s) word is not in us.
NB: MANY OF YOU SAY TO RECEIVE HOLY COMMUNION, IT IS NECESSARY TO HAVE A CONFESSION WITH A PRIEST. THAT IS AGAINST THE WORD OF GOD IN 1JOHN 1:9-10. READ IT IN YOUR HOLY BIBLE ALSO. IF ANYONE CONFESS OWN SINS, IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE WORD OF GOD IN 1JOHN 1:9-10, THAT IS ENOUGH FOR THAT PERSON TO RECEIVE HOLY COMMUNION. IF YOU CONFESS WITH A PRIEST WHO CAN GIVE GOOD SPIRITUAL ADVICE AND GET IT, IT IS NICE. BUT IT IS NOT A MUST TO RECEIVE HOLY COMMUNION.
++++
IF YOU OBEY ANYONE (EVEN IF IT IS YOUR PRIEST, BISHOP, POPE OR PRESIDENT) AGAINST JESUS AND JESUS COMMANDMENTS & TEACHINGS, IT IS IDOL WORSHIP. READ what the apostles and I said IN YOUR HOLY BIBLE, ACTS 5:29. But Peter and the apostles said in reply, "We must obey God rather than men. SO BE CAUTIOUS !!!!!!!!!
GOD BLESS ALL
Monday, December 27, 2010
Remember everything!
Two easy ways to use NudgeMail:
Send any email to nudge@nudgemail.com
- 1. Create a new email (or forward an existing one)
- 2. Set the "to:" to nudge@nudgemail.com
- 3. Set the "subject:" to the day, date, or time when you want the NudgeMail to come back to you. For example, "Monday" or "Tomorrow" or "Oct 13″ or "2 hours" are all acceptable ways to send a NudgeMail
- 4. Enter anything you want in the body of the email, then hit Send!
Or use the email "to:" to control NudgeMail
- 1. Create a new email (or forward an existing one)
- 2. Set the "to:" to the day/date/time@nudgemail.com. For example, "monday@nudgemail.com" or "tomorrow@nudgemail.com" or "feb12@nudgemail.com" or "2hours@nudgemail.com" are all acceptable ways to send a NudgeMail
- 3. Enter anything you want in the subject and body of the email, then hit Send!
Tuesday, November 23, 2010
Fwd: ഈ ലാലേട്ടന്റെ ഒരു കാര്യം
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Monday, November 08, 2010
s e a r c h

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